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Refraction test or Eye test - refraction; Vision test

11:54 PM

Refraction test

The refraction test is an eye exam that measures a person's prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses.

How the Test is Performed

This test is performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. Both of these professionals are often called "eye doctor."
You sit in a chair that has a special device (called a phoroptor or refractor) attached to it. You look through the device and focus on an eye chart 20 feet away. The device contains lenses of different strengths that can be moved into your view. The test is performed one eye at a time.
The eye doctor performing the test will ask if the chart appears more or less clear when different lenses are in place.

How to Prepare for the Test

If you wear contact lenses, ask the doctor if you need to remove them before the test and for how long.

How the Test Will Feel

There is no discomfort.

Why the Test is Performed

This test can be done as part of a routine eye exam. The purpose is to determine whether you have a refractive error (a need for glasses or contact lenses).
For people over age 40 who have normal distance vision but difficulty with near vision, a refraction test can determine the right power of reading glasses.

Normal Results

If your uncorrected vision (without glasses or contact lenses) is normal, then the refractive error is zero (plano) and your vision should be 20/20.
A value of 20/20 is perfect vision, meaning you are able to read 3/8-inch letters at 20 feet. A small type size is also used to determine normal near vision.

What Abnormal Results Mean

You have a refractive error if you need a combination of lenses to see 20/20. Glasses or contact lenses should give you good vision.
If your final vision is less than 20/20, even with lenses, then there is probably another, non-optical problem with your eye.
The vision level you achieve during the refraction test is called the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
Abnormal results may be due to:
  • Astigmatism
  • Hyperopia (farsightedness)
  • Myopia (nearsightedness)
  • Presbyopia (inability to focus on near objects that develops with age)
Other conditions under which the test may be performed:
  • Corneal ulcers and infections
  • Macular degeneration
  • Retinal detachment
  • Retinal vessel occlusion
  • Retinitis pigmentosa

Risks

There are no risks.

Considerations

You should have a complete eye examination every 3 - 5 years if you have no problems. If your vision becomes blurry, worsens, or if there are other noticeable changes, schedule an eye examination immediately.
After age 40 (or for people with a family history of glaucoma), eye examinations should be scheduled at least once a year to test for glaucoma. Anyone with diabetes should also have an eye exam at least once a year.
People with a refractive error should have an eye examination every 1 -2 years, or whenever their vision changes.

References

Katz M, Kruger PB. The human eye as an optical system. In: Tasman W, Jaeger Ea, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 33.
Kaufman JH. Subjective refraction: fogging and use of the astigmatic dials. In: Tasman W, Jaeger Ea, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 39.
Scott CA. Testing of refraction. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 2.8.
Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Examination of the eye. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 618.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Refractive Management/Intervention Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Refractive Errors & Refractive Surgery. San Francisco, CA. American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2010. Accessed January 17, 2011.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Committee. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Comprehensive Adult Medical Eye Evaluation. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2010. Accessed January 17, 2011.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003844.htm
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Corneal transplant or Keratoplasty; Penetrating keratoplasty

11:53 PM

Corneal transplant or Keratoplasty; Penetrating keratoplasty


The cornea is the clear outer lens on the front of the eye. A corneal transplant is surgery to replace the cornea with tissue from a donor. It is one of the most common transplants done.

Description

You will probably be awake during the transplant, but you will be given medicine to relax you. Local anesthesia (numbing medicine) will be injected around your eye to block pain and temporarily prevent eye muscle movement.
The tissue for your corneal transplant will come from a person (donor) who has recently died and who had agreed to donate their tissue. The donated cornea is processed and tested by a local eye bank to make sure it is safe for use in your surgery.
The most common type of corneal transplant is called “penetrating keratoplasty.” During this procedure, your surgeon will remove a small round piece of your cornea. Then your surgeon will sew the donated cornea into the opening of your cornea.
A newer technique called lamellar keratoplasty may be used for some patients. During this procedure, only the inner or outer layers of the cornea are replaced, rather than all the layers. This technique can lead to faster recovery and fewer complications.

Why the Procedure is Performed

A corneal transplant is recommended for people who have:
  • Vision problems caused by thinning of the cornea, usually due to keratoconus (when less invasive treatments are not an option)
  • Scarring of the cornea from severe infections or injuries
  • Vision loss caused by cloudiness of the cornea, usually due to Fuchs' dystrophy

Risks

Sometimes, the body rejects the transplanted tissue. This occurs in about one out of three patients in the first 5 years. Sometimes rejection can be controlled with steroid eye drops. However, there is always a risk of rejection.
Other risks for a corneal transplant are:
  • Bleeding
  • Cataracts
  • Infection of the eye
  • Glaucoma (high pressure in the eye that can cause vision loss)
  • Loss of vision
  • Scarring of the eye
  • Swelling of the cornea
The risks for any anesthesia are:
  • Allergic reactions to medicines
  • Breathing problems

Before the Procedure

Tell your doctor about any medical conditions you may have, including allergies. Also tell your doctor what medicines you are taking, even drugs, supplements, and herbs you bought without a prescription.
You may need to limit medicines that make it hard for your blood to clot for 10 days before the surgery. Some of these are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and warfarin (Coumadin).
You may take your other daily medicines the morning of your surgery--but check with your doctor first. Also talk to your doctor if you take diuretics (water pills) or insulin or pills for diabetes.
You will need to stop eating and drinking most fluids after midnight the night before your surgery. You can have water, apple juice, and plain coffee or tea (without cream or sugar) up to 2 hours before surgery. Do not drink alcohol 24 hours before or after surgery.
On the day of your surgery, wear loose, comfortable clothing. Do not wear any jewelry. Do not put creams, lotions, or makeup on your face or around your eyes.
You will need to have someone drive you home after your surgery.
Note: These are general guidelines. Your surgeon may have specific requirements or instructions.

After the Procedure

You will go home on the same day as your surgery. Your doctor will give you an eye patch to wear for about 1 to 4 days.
Your doctor will prescribe eye drops to help your eye heal and prevent infection and rejection.
Your doctor will remove the stitches at a follow-up visit. Some stitches may stay in place for as long as a year, or may not be removed at all.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Full recovery of eyesight may take up to a year. This is because it takes time for the swelling to go down. Most patients who have successful corneal transplants will enjoy good vision for many years. But, if you have other eye problems, those problems may still reduce your eyesight.
Often glasses or contact lenses may be needed to achieve the best vision. Laser vision correction may be an option if you have nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism after the transplant has fully healed.

References

Blackmon S, Semchyshyn T, Kim T. Penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. On DVD-ROM. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012:chap 26.
Yanoff M, Cameron D. Diseases of the visual system. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 431.

source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003008.htm
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Eye muscle repair or Repair of cross-eye

11:46 PM

Eye muscle repair

Eye muscle repair is surgery to correct eye muscle problems that cause crossed (misaligned) eyes. The medical term for crossed eyes is strabismus.

Description

The goal of this surgery is to allow the eye muscles to be in proper position and help the eyes move correctly.
Eye muscle surgery is usually done on children, but adults who have similar eye problems may also have it done. Children will usually receive general anesthesia for the procedure. They will be asleep and will not feel pain.
Depending on the problem, one or both eyes may have surgery.
After the anesthesia has taken effect, the eye surgeon makes a small surgical cut in the clear tissue covering the white of the eye. This tissue is called the conjunctiva. Then the surgeon will locate one or more of the eye muscles that needs surgery. Sometimes the surgery strengthens the muscle, and sometimes it weakens it.
  • To strengthen a muscle, a section of the muscle or tendon may be removed to make it shorter. This step in the surgery is called a resection.
  • To weaken a muscle, it is reattached at a point farther toward the back of the eye. This step is called a recession.
The surgery for adults is similar. Most adults are usually awake and sleepy, but pain free. Numbing medicine injected around the eye blocks the pain.
Often in adult surgery, an adjustable suture is used on the weakened muscle. Minor corrections can be made later that day or the next day, when the patient is fully awake. This technique usually has a very good outcome.

Why the Procedure is Performed

Strabismus is a disorder in which the two eyes do not line up in the same direction and therefore do not look at the same object at the same time. The condition is more commonly known as "crossed eyes."
Surgery may be recommended when strabismus does not improve with glasses or eye exercises.

Risks

Risks for any anesthesia are:
  • Reactions to anesthesia medicines
  • Breathing problems
Risks for any surgery are:
  • Bleeding
  • Infection
Some other possible complications are:
  • Wound infections
  • Damage to the eye (rare)
  • Permanent double vision (rare)

Before the Procedure

Your child's eye surgeon may ask for:
  • A complete medical history and physical exam of your child before the procedure
  • Orthoptic measurements (eye movement measurements)
Always tell your child's doctor or nurse:
  • What drugs your child is taking
  • Include any drugs, herbs, or vitamins you bought without a prescription
  • About any allergies your child may have to any medicines, latex, tape, or soaps or skin cleaners
During the days before the surgery:
  • About 10 days before the surgery, you may be asked to stop giving your child aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), warfarin (Coumadin), and any other drugs that make it hard for blood to clot.
  • Ask your child's doctor which drugs your child should still take on the day of the surgery.
On the day of the surgery:
  • Your child will usually be asked not to drink or eat anything for several hours before the surgery.
  • Give your child any drugs your doctor told you to give your child with a small sip of water.
  • Your child's doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive for the surgery.
  • The doctor will make sure your child is healthy enough for surgery and does not have any signs of illness. If your child is ill, the surgery may be delayed.

After the Procedure

This surgery is usually done on an outpatient basis. The eyes are usually straight right after surgery.
While recovering from the anesthesia and in the first few days after surgery, your child should avoid rubbing the eyes. Your surgeon will show you how to prevent rubbing.
After a few hours of recovery, the child may go home. You should have a follow-up appointment with the eye surgeon 1 to 2 weeks after the surgery.
You will probably need to put drops or ointment in the child's eyes to prevent infection.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Eye muscle surgery does not fix the poor vision of a lazy (amblyopic) eye. The child may have to wear glasses or a patch.
In general, the younger a child is when the operation is performed, the better the result. Your child's eye should look normal a few weeks after the surgery.

References

Biglan AW. Surgical Approach to the Rectus Muscles. In:Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane’s Ophthalmology. 2012 ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012:vol 6, chap 83.
Lingua RW, Diamond LG. Techniques of strabismus surgery. In:Yanoff M, Duker JS, Augsburger JJ, et al., eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St.Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 11.14.
Olitsky SE, Hug D, Plummer LS, Stass-Isern M. Disorders of eye movement and alignment. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF,eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 615.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002961.htm
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EOM :Extraocular muscle function testing

11:45 PM

Extraocular muscle function testing

EOM; Extraocular movement; Ocular motility examination

 

Extraocular muscle function testing is an examination of the function of the eye muscles. A doctor observes the movement of the eyes in six specific directions.

How the Test is Performed

You are asked to sit or stand with your head erect and a forward gaze. Your health care provider will hold a pen or other object 12 inches in front of your face. He or she will then move the object in several directions and ask you to follow it with your eyes, without moving your head.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is necessary for this test.

How the Test Will Feel

The test involves only normal movement of the eyes.

Why the Test is Performed

This test is performed to evaluate any weakness or other problem in the extraocular muscles, which may result in double vision or rapid, uncontrolled eye movements.

Normal Results

Normal movement of the eyes in all directions.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Eye movement disorders may be due to abnormalities of the muscles themselves or problems in the sections of the brain that control these muscles. Your doctor will discuss any abnormalities identified.

Risks

There are no risks associated with this test.

Considerations

Slight nystagmus that stops quickly is normal with an extreme sideways gaze.

References

Baloh RW. Neuro-ophthalmology. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 450.
Lavin PJM. Eye movement disorders: diplopia, nystagmus, and other ocular oscillations. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Bradley: Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 16.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003397.htm
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what is Hyphema ?

11:39 PM

what is Hyphema ?

Hyphema is blood in the front area of the eye.

 

Causes

Hyphema is usually caused by trauma to the eye. Other causes of bleeding in the front chamber of the eye include:
  • Blood vessel abnormality
  • Cancer of the eye
  • Severe inflammation of the iris

Symptoms

  • Bleeding in the front portion of the eye
  • Eye pain
  • Light sensitivity
  • Vision abnormalities

Exams and Tests

  • Eye examination
  • Intraocular pressure measurement (tonometry)
  • Ultrasound testing

Treatment

In some mild cases, no treatment is needed. The blood is absorbed in a few days.
The health care provider may recommend bed rest, eye patching, and sedation to reduce the likelihood of recurrent bleeding.
Eye drops to decrease the inflammation or lower the intraocular pressure may be used if needed.
The ophthalmologist may need to remove the blood, especially if the intraocular pressure is severely increased or the blood is slow to absorb again. You may need to stay in a hospital.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The outcome depends upon the amount of injury to the eye. Patients with sickle cell disease are more likely to have eye complications and must be monitored more carefully.
Severe vision loss can occur.

Possible Complications

  • Acute glaucoma
  • Impaired vision
  • Recurring bleeding

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if you notice blood in the front of the eye or you have a traumatic eye injury. You will need prompt diagnosis and treatment by an ophthalmologist.

Prevention

Many eye injuries can be prevented by wearing safety goggles or other protective eye wear. Always wear eye protection while playing sports such as racquetball, or contact sports such as basketball.

References

Tingey DP, Shingleton BJ. Glaucoma associated with ocular trauma. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 10.17.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001021.htm
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Eye: foreign object in or Removing a particle in the eye

11:36 PM

Eye: foreign object in or Removing a particle in the eye


The eye will often clear itself of tiny objects, like eyelashes and sand, through blinking and tearing. Do not rub the eye. Wash your hands before examining it.
Examine the eye in a well-lighted area. To find the object, look up and down, then from side to side.
If you can't find the object, grasp the lower eyelid and gently pull down on it to look under the lower eyelid. To look under the upper lid, you can place a cotton-tipped swab on the outside of the upper lid and gently flip the lid over the cotton swab.
If the object is on an eyelid, try to gently flush it out with water. If that does not work, try touching a second cotton-tipped swab to the object to remove it.
If the object is on the eye, try gently rinsing the eye with water. It may help to use an eye dropper positioned above the outer corner of the eye. Do NOT touch the eye itself with the cotton swab.

A scratchy feeling or other minor discomfort may continue after removing eyelashes and other tiny objects. This will go away within a day or two. If you continue to have discomfort or blurred vision, get medical help.

Contact your health care provider and do NOT treat yourself if:
You have a lot eye pain or sensitivity to light
Your vision is decreased
You have red or painful eyes
You have flaking, discharge, or a lesion on your eye or eyelid
You have had trauma to your eye, or you have a bulging eye or a drooping eyelid
Your dry eyes do not get better with self-care measures within a few days

If you have been hammering, grinding, or have possibly come into contact with high-velocity metal fragments, do NOT attempt any removal. Go to the nearest emergency room immediately.

References

Knoop KJ, Dennis WR, Hedges JR. Ophthalmologic procedures. In: Roberts JR, Hedges JR, eds. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 63.
Butler FK Jr. The eye in the wilderness. In: Auerbach PS, ed. Wilderness Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 25.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002084.htm

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Eye Diseases and problems

11:31 PM

 Eye Diseases and problems

 

Some eye problems are minor and fleeting. But some lead to a permanent loss of vision. Common eye problems include
  • Cataracts - clouded lenses
  • Glaucoma - damage to the optic nerve from too much pressure in the eye
  • Retinal disorders - problems with the nerve layer at the back of the eye
  • Conjunctivitis - an infection also known as pinkeye
Your best defense is to have regular checkups, because eye diseases do not always have symptoms. Early detection and treatment could prevent vision loss. See an eye care professional right away if you have a sudden change in vision or everything looks dim or if you see flashes of light. Other symptoms that need quick attention are pain, double vision, fluid coming from the eye and inflammation.
NIH: National Eye Institute
 
source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eyediseases.html
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Eye Cancer info

11:30 PM

Eye Cancer info


Cancer of the eye is uncommon. It can affect the outer parts of the eye, such as the eyelid, which are made up of muscles, skin and nerves. If the cancer starts inside the eyeball it's called intraocular cancer. The most common intraocular cancers in adults are melanoma and lymphoma. The most common eye cancer in children is retinoblastoma, which starts in the cells of the retina. Cancer can also spread to the eye from other parts of the body.
Treatment for eye cancer varies by the type and by how advanced it is. It may include surgery, radiation therapy, freezing or heat therapy, or laser therapy.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eyecancer.html
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Diabetic Eye Problems or Diabetic retinopathy

11:05 PM

 Diabetic Eye Problems  or Diabetic retinopathy 


Do you know what causes the most blindness in U.S. adults? It is an eye problem caused by diabetes, called diabetic retinopathy. Your retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of your eye. You need a healthy retina to see clearly.
Diabetic retinopathy happens when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels inside your retina. You may not notice at first. Symptoms can include
  • Blurry or double vision
  • Rings, flashing lights or blank spots
  • Dark or floating spots
  • Pain or pressure in one or both of your eyes
  • Trouble seeing things out of the corners of your eyes
If you have diabetes, you should have a complete eye exam every year. Finding and treating problems early may save your vision. Treatment often includes laser treatment or surgery.
NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabeticeyeproblems.html
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what is Eye Movement Disorders ?

11:05 PM

what is Eye Movement Disorders ?


When you look at an object, you're using several muscles to move both eyes to focus on it. If you have a problem with the muscles, the eyes don't work properly.
There are many kinds of eye movement disorders. Two common ones are:
  • Strabismus - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction. This results in "crossed eyes" or "walleye."
  • Nystagmus - fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes, sometimes called "dancing eyes"
Some eye movement disorders are present at birth. Others develop over time and may be associated with other problems, such as injuries. Treatments include glasses, eye muscle exercises, and surgery. There is no treatment for some kinds of eye movement disorders, such as most kinds of nystagmus.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eyemovementdisorders.html
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Eye Wear or Contact lenses, Eyeglasses

11:02 PM
Eye Wear or Contact lenses, Eyeglasses


Eye wear protects or corrects your vision. Examples are sunglasses, safety goggles, glasses and contact lenses. If you need corrective lenses, you may be able to choose between contacts or glasses. Either usually requires a prescription. Almost anyone can wear glasses. Contact lenses require more careful handling.
Many jobs and some sports carry a risk of eye injury. Thousands of children and adults get eye injuries every year. Most are preventable with proper eye protection. Everyone is at risk for eye damage from the sun year-round. It's important to regularly use sunglasses that block out at least 99 percent of UV rays.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
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Pinkeye or Conjunctivitis

11:02 PM

 Pinkeye or Conjunctivitis


Conjunctivitis is the medical name for pinkeye. It can cause swelling, itching, burning, discharge and redness of the protective membrane that lines the eyelids and covers exposed areas of the white of the eye. Causes include
  • Bacterial or viral infection
  • Allergies
  • Substances that cause irritation
  • Contact lens products, eye drops, or eye ointments
Pinkeye usually does not affect vision. Infectious pink eye can easily spread from one person to another. The infection will clear in most cases without medical care, but bacterial pinkeye needs treatment with antibiotic eye drops or ointment.
NIH: National Eye Institute
 
source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pinkeye.html
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what is Eyelid Disorders ?

10:58 PM

 what is Eyelid Disorders ?

 

Your eyelids help protect your eyes. When you blink, your eyelids spread moisture over your eyes. Blinking also helps move dirt or other particles off the surface of the eye. Closing your eyelids when something is coming towards your eyes can protect from injuries.
Like most other parts of your body, your eyelids can get infected, inflamed, or even develop cancer. There are also specific eyelid problems, including
  • Eyelids that turn in or out
  • Eyelids that droop
  • Abnormal blinking or twitching
Treatment of eyelid problems depends on the cause.

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eyeliddisorders.html
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Refractive Errors or Farsightedness, Hyperopia, Myopia, Nearsightedness

10:58 PM

 Refractive Errors or Farsightedness, Hyperopia, Myopia, Nearsightedness 

 

Your cornea is the clear front part of your eye. It is like a window that controls and focuses the light coming into the eye. If your cornea has an irregular shape, the light does not focus properly. Everything looks blurry. This is a refractive error.
Four common refractive errors are
  • Myopia, or nearsightedness - clear vision close up but blurry in the distance
  • Hyperopia, or farsightedness - clear vision in the distance but blurry close up
  • Presbyopia - inability to focus close up as a result of aging
  • Astigmatism - focus problems caused by the cornea
Glasses or contact lenses can usually correct refractive errors. Laser eye surgery may also be a possibility.
NIH: National Eye Institute

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/refractiveerrors.html
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Macular Degeneration or Age-related macular degeneration, AMD

10:53 PM

 Macular Degeneration or Age-related macular degeneration, AMD

Macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 and older. It is a disease that destroys your sharp, central vision. You need central vision to see objects clearly and to do tasks such as reading and driving.
AMD affects the macula, the part of the eye that allows you to see fine detail. It does not hurt, but it causes cells in the macula to die. In some cases, AMD advances so slowly that people notice little change in their vision. In others, the disease progresses faster and may lead to a loss of vision in both eyes. Regular comprehensive eye exams can detect macular degeneration before the disease causes vision loss. Treatment can slow vision loss. It does not restore vision.
NIH: National Eye Institute

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/maculardegeneration.html
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Vision Impairment and Blindness or Low vision

10:53 PM

Vision Impairment and Blindness or Low vision 


Vision impairment, or low vision, means that even with eyeglasses, contact lenses, medicine or surgery, you don't see well. Vision impairment can range from mild to severe. The leading causes of vision impairment and blindness in the United States are age-related eye diseases: macular degeneration, cataract and glaucoma. Other eye disorders, eye injuries and birth defects can also cause vision loss.
A loss of vision means that you may have to reorganize your life and learn new ways of doing things. If you have some vision, visual aids such as special glasses and large print books can make life easier. There are also devices to help those with no vision, like text-reading software and braille books.
Sometimes, vision loss is preventable. Regular comprehensive eye exams and prompt treatment are critical.
NIH: National Eye Institute

source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/visionimpairmentandblindness.html
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Rainbow Wars 1.0 free game download

10:30 AM

 Rainbow Wars 1.0 free game download


A fast-paced, retro-styled shooter with separate movement and firing controls. It features 2-player support, 6 distinct enemies, and unlimited waves. A dual analog gamepad is recommended, though mouse and keyboard will work as well.

Created by a staff member of the Game Developer Volition. Volition is know for popular titles such as The Punisher, Descent 1 and 2, FreeSpace 1 and 2, Red Faction 1 and 2, Summoner 1 and 2.
Size:
2.14MB

Publisher: Visit Website
OS: Windows XP

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Jetz Rampage 4: Revenge 1.2 free game download

10:27 AM

Jetz Rampage 4: Revenge 1.2 free game download



This is the ultimate rampage game. Fly around huge detailed cities causing mass destruction. You can earn money and buy more weapons or other upgrades. There are 24 missions in each city for you to complete in each city and 2 bosses per city. With 18 weapons to unlock you will always have something to do. It even comes with a custom music list function so you can rock out to your favorite songs while causing destruction.

If you beat the game there is even a multiplayer mode where you can duke it out with a friend in a death match arena. In multiplayer you can use up to 8 weapons scattered throughout the level, which includes a remote controlled rocket launcher, flamethrower, chainsaw, and much more. This game is definitely a challenge if you are not familiar with the series. The missions in this game vary a lot. A few of them even bring back some classic arcade games in “Jetz” style.

Features:
2 Huge Cities to cause mass destruction!
Tons of missions to play!
Unlock weapons and even make your own!
Beat the game to unlock 2 player mode!
You will be playing in no time! A quick and easy download is all you need to be playing one of the best rampage games around!
 
Size:15.47MB

Publisher: Visit Website


OS: Win 98/ME/NT/2K/XP/2K3

download free


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Highway Pursuit 1.1 free game download

10:25 AM

Highway Pursuit 1.1 free game download



Highway Pursuit is a modern game taking its inspiration from a number of classic arcade games. It´s an action-packed 3d blast along roads filled with enemy agents -- but also with innocent civilians that you should protect at all costs.

Featuring diverse landscapes and scenery, a variety of enemy vehicles, multiple weapons, weather effects, radio communications from your HQ, 3d sound effects, configurable support for keyboard, joysticks and steering wheels, Highway Pursuit is a road trip you shouldn´t miss!
 
Size:3.21MB

Publisher: Visit Website

OS: Win 9x/ME/2K/XP

download free

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WWK - WorldWide Karts 1 3d free game download

10:21 AM

WWK - WorldWide Karts 1 free game download


3D full arcade kart game for Windows. Enter the WWK championship; test your skills in 6 races for 1 or 2 players. Featuring: championship/practice/quick race modes, 6 races in 3 tracks around the world, nitrous and oil, joystick support, 1 or 2 players (split-screen mode), and MP3 support.

Size:73.19MB

Publisher: Visit Website

OS: Win 9x/ME/2000/XP

download free

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Clouds Kingdom 3 v1.5 free game download

10:18 AM

Clouds Kingdom 3 v1.5 free game download


Fight robots using your sword as you hunt for your arch enemy.

Background story:

"The two rivals, Master Jikah and Sinith Majoo, had been battling for almost two long years. JiKah was an experienced ninja, and Majoo was a strong-minded wizard. Both of them were very strong and very skilled at fighting. Only JiKah and Majoo knew the reason why they were fighting each other. Spectators could had to guess the answer. As the battle went on, Master JiKah felt that he was weaker than Sinith Majoo. It was something about Majoo´s magical powers that made it almost impossible for JiKah to even hit him.

One day, JiKah lost the battle. He didn´t die, but he surrendered. Sinith Majoo spared his life, but sent him into another dimension, a dimension called the Clouds Kingdom. Master JiKah was weak and had no knowledge about magic, so he was forced to climb the clouds to find a way out. It took him several days before he finally found a portal out of Clouds Kingdom. JiKah felt the anger rise inside of him, and he wanted to claim revenge on his opponent in a final battle. But then he would need to search the mighty lands of Rakast.

After he had rested a while, JiKah resumed his search for Majoo in Rakast. The adventure went on, and he went through a bunch of portals before he finally found the room where Sinith Majoo was hiding, but he wasn´t there. Instead there was an open portal in the centre of the room and Master JiKah decided to enter it. He had nothing to loose. He would do everything to claim the revenge on Sinith Majoo..."

Gameplay:

If you ever played the first two games in the Clouds Kingdom series, you´ll probably know that they didn´t include any enemies or action at all. Both of them were all about jumping and avoiding stuff. Gladly I am to announce the biggest addition in the last sequel; action.

In Clouds Kingdom 3, JiKah encounters enemies, which is a perfect opportunity to practice his skills with the sword. But he will also get to use Throwing stars and learn new abilities throughout the game.

The game is split up in chapters, and each chapter has a final boss. This means that there are no possibilities to rush through the game. But to make sure that the player (you) don´t skip the enemies to just face the bosses, a score system has been implemented. To earn score you can kill enemies. Depending on the difficulty of the enemy, the more score you´ll get. You can also collect the diamonds that lay scattered all over the game. Now is time for you to earn everyone´s respect by getting the highest score on the online highscore list.

What's New in version 1.5:
New Sword Spin Attacker
Contains a vast amount of bugfixes and updated gameplay from the original game released in 2005.
 
Size:13.12MB

Publisher: Visit Website

OS: Win 9x/ME/NT/2K/XP

download free

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Trash Killer 2 v2.0.7 free game download

10:15 AM


Trash Killer 2 v2.0.7 free game download



Funny freeware space-shooting arcade in which you have to clean up the galaxy from the asteroids using the laser cannon mounted on your spaceship. Some asteroids give you useful power-ups increasing weapon power or restoring health.

Size:569KB

Publisher: Visit Website

OS: Win 9x/ME/NT/2K/XP/2K3/Vista

download free

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MAME 0.147b freeware download

10:12 AM

MAME 0.147b freeware download


MAME stands for Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator. When used in conjunction with an arcade game's data files (ROMs, CHDs, samples, etc.), MAME attempts to reproduce that game as faithfully as possible on a more modern general-purpose system. MAME can currently emulate many thousands of classic arcade video games from the the very earliest CPU-based systems to much more modern 3D platforms.

The ROM and CHD images that MAME requires are "dumped" from arcade games' original circuit-board ROM chips, hard disks, and CD-ROMs. MAME becomes the "hardware" for the games, taking the place of their original CPUs and support chips. Therefore, these games are NOT ports or rewrites, but the actual, original games that appeared in arcades, complete with all the bugs, glitches, slowdowns, and subtleties of the original game as it appeared in the arcade.

MAME's purpose is to preserve these decades of video-game history. As gaming technology continues to rush forward, MAME prevents these important "vintage" games from being lost and forgotten. This is achieved by documenting the hardware and how it functions. The source code to MAME serves as this documentation. The fact that the games are playable serves primarily to validate the accuracy of the documentation (how else can you prove that you have recreated the hardware faithfully)?
 
Size:14.58MB

Publisher: Visit Website

OS: Win 9x/ME/NT/2K/XP/2K3/Vista/7

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Xfire 1.151.45941 freeware

10:05 AM

Xfire 1.151.45941 freeware




Xfire makes online gaming easy. Keep track of when and where gamers are playing online and join them easily.
See when your friends are online & what game they´re playing
See where they´re playing and join them with one click
See what games the friends of your friends are playing
Receive IM´s without disrupting your game
Provides a powerful server browser.
Provides a powerful file download system.
Provides built-in stats tracking.
Provides miniprofiles.
Thousands of Games supported
Note from FreewareFiles:
The program offers to change the homepage during setup
The program offers the Xfire toolbar which does not have to be installed to use the software.

Size:9.38MB

Publisher: Visit Website

OS: Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7

download free

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